瑞士籍敘利亞裔左翼運動家與學者,著有《真主黨:宗教政黨的政治經濟》(Hezbollah: The Political Economy of the Party of God)以及《起義後的敘利亞:國家恢復力的政治經濟》(Syria After the Uprisings: The Political Economy of State Resilience)等書。